What is polyethylene glycol?
- Jasmine Uchi, PharmD
- 15 hours ago
- 3 min read
Polyethylene glycol, often called PEG, is a common ingredient found in many medications and everyday products, even though it is not widely recognized by name. It is a synthetic, water-soluble substance that helps products work properly by improving stability, texture, or moisture. PEG appears in different forms, which is why it is often listed with a number after its name, and this allows it to be used across a wide range of health and consumer products.
Common Uses of Polyethylene Glycol
PEG’s unique properties make it valuable across various fields. Here are some of the most common uses:
In Medicine and Pharmaceuticals
Laxatives: PEG is a key ingredient in many over-the-counter laxatives. It works by retaining water in the stool, making bowel movements easier without causing cramping.
Drug Delivery: PEG helps improve the solubility and stability of drugs. It is often attached to medications to increase their circulation time in the body, enhancing effectiveness.
Medical Devices: PEG coatings reduce friction and prevent protein buildup on devices like catheters and implants.
In Cosmetics and Personal Care
Moisturizers and Creams: PEG acts as a humectant, attracting water to the skin and keeping it hydrated.
Shampoos and Soaps: It helps create a smooth texture and improves the spreadability of products.
Makeup: PEG derivatives stabilize formulations and enhance product performance.
In Food Industry
Food Additive: PEG is used as an anti-foaming agent and to improve texture in processed foods.
Packaging: It can be part of coatings that preserve freshness and extend shelf life.
Industrial Applications
Lubricants: PEG serves as a lubricant in machinery and manufacturing processes.
Paints and Inks: It acts as a dispersing agent to ensure even color distribution.
Textiles: PEG is used in fabric softeners and to improve dye uptake.
What is polyethylene glycol 3350?
Polyethylene glycol 3350 is a specific form of polyethylene glycol commonly used in medications for constipation and classified as a laxative. The number “3350” refers to its molecular size, which influences how it works in the body. Polyethylene glycol 3350 draws water into the intestines to soften stool and promote bowel movements, working locally in the digestive tract with minimal absorption. It is available under several brand names, such as MiraLax.
Pill Clarity has identified animal-free polyethylene glycol 3350 options!
Common Questions about PEG
Is PEG safe on the skin?
Yes, generally it is. However, if the skin is damaged or broken in some way, it can irritate and increase absorption of whatever product is being used.
Is PEG food safe?
Yes, PEG is considered GRAS by the FDA, meaning generally recommended as safe in small amounts.
Can PEG cause allergic reactions?
Rarely, PEG is not commonly associated with any allergic or anaphylactic reactions by itself. When combined into a larger product such as a monoclonal antibody, it could produce an allergic reaction.
Conclusion
Polyethylene glycol is a widely used ingredient that supports the safety, stability, and effectiveness of many products people rely on every day, from medications to personal care items. While PEG itself is synthetic and commonly used across industries, understanding how it appears in different forms, such as polyethylene glycol 3350, can help patients make more informed choices when reviewing medications and ingredient labels.
Co-authored by: Lucia Tocco
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